1 a) briefly explain the relationship between nutrition, health and nutritional status.
NUTRITION -- The process of taking in food and using it for growth, metabolism, and repair. Nutritional stages are ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, assimilation, and excretion.
HEALTH- Health is a state in which a person is not suffering from any illness and is feeling well. A person's health is the condition of their body and the extent to which it is free from illness or is able to resist illness.
NUTRITIONAL STATUS --It generally refers to whether or not you are eating the correct amounts and types of nutrients. A doctor or dietitian can determine nutritional status by assessing several factors, including body composition and appearance, blood levels, existing conditions, and issues that may impact your access to or ability to consume and absorb food. Nutritional status is influenced by the amount of each essential nutrient that you consume.
B-“Dietary fiber is indigestible in the human digestive tract”, comment on the statement
Dietary fibers have many functions in the diet, one of which may be to promote control of energy intake and reduce the risk of developing obesity. This is linked to the unique physico-chemical properties of dietary fibers which aid early signalling of satiation and prolonged or enhanced sensation of satiety. Particularly the ability of some dietary fibers to increase viscosity of intestinal contents offers numerous opportunities to affect appetite regulation. Dietary fiber used to be known as ‘roughage’, and refers to a group of substances in plant foods which cannot be completely broken down by human digestive enzymes. This includes waxes, lignin and polysaccharides such as cellulose and pectin. Originally it was thought that dietary fiber was completely indigestible and did not provide any energy. It is now known that some fiber can be fermented in the large intestine by gut bacteria, producing short chain fatty acids and gases(methane, hydrogen and carbon dioxide). The fatty acids are absorbed into the blood stream and provide a small amount of energy. The amount of gas produced depends on the type of fiber eaten and the gut bacteria present. After a large increase in the amount of fiber in the diet, some people experience symptoms such as abdominal distension, discomfort and wind. However, the large intestine and gut bacteria gradually adapt to the increased intake and symptoms usually decrease.
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2-Briefly explain how the nutrient needs of adults are influenced by following factors:
ACTIVITY LEVEL: A person activity level will affect their nutritional requirement. An athlete will need a different nutritional requirement to that of an office worker. Exercise improves metabolic efficiency in some people and increases nutrient requirement.
AGE: Nutritional requirements change as a person gets older, because the elderly use a lot of medication their absorption, excretion and utilization of nutrients can be affected. Growing children have different nutritional needs to that of adults.
3-Explain how nutritional status of mother influence birth weight of the infant:
Health & nutritional status of mother during & before pregnancy is considered to be strongly associated with pregnancy outcomes. Poor nutritional status & inadequate intake of food in pregnancy not only affect women’s health but also effect birth weight & development of infant. Nutritional status of mother is strongly related to the birth weight of infant. Energy, fatty acids and micronutrients deficiency, have all been implicated in causing LBW in infants.
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