i Underprivileged Learners
problems in learning English Need for English is great to the extent to survive in the world of globalization. Due to the fact that underprivileged have low proficiency in the language as compared to privileged counterparts they face a great deal of problems in learning it. They are as follows:Fear of English: - One factor that prevents underprivileged from learning is the fear for the subject. This is due to the fact that English is associated with elite’s culture, partly due to the inappropriate, ill-prepared textbook, teaching method. It becomes a new language to them as they are not exposed to it neither at home ar their surroundings. So, a new language with new rules leads them to fear for the subject. The privileged classes is familiar with the language and have no difficulty while going through the textbooks, while answering questions and this creates a turmoil in minds of underprivileged learners.
The teachers of English who are a member of privileged class are responsible for creating fear in underprivileged learners. Language load and poor reading skills: - Underprivileged learners are speakers of nonstandard variety or language of learners of minority. Education in India is mostly done in English. And the dialect of underprivileged is not used in the field of education. So, as they have poor command of English, so poor reading skills. (Das, 1996, Kundu, 1980b; cited in Kundu, 1985) reading skills are an important skill in India. And the underprivileged are weak in reading skills. So, due to the language load they depresses and dropout from colleges. Inappropriate textbooks, teaching method and teaching procedure:
Textbooks plays an important role in teaching and learning. But textbooks are written from the privileged culture point of view (Risesman, 1962, swanson, 1974; cited in Kundu,1985). The history textbooks hardly mention the contribution of underprivileged class to nation building. And the textbooks are too difficult and packed with too much information and which are suitable for highly motivated privileged learners. If the privileged class fails to understand the textbook they take help of tutors or teaching shops. But in case of underprivileged parents due to utter poverty cannot afford outside help. The method of teaching is based on dominant, privileged culture. The exam system is also biased. The content of the question, instruction, time factor and testing procedure are based on privileged class system. In exam’s student are asked to write essay mostly on urban oriented such as “a circus show you recently visited”, “your favorite TV serial”. The medium of instruction is difficult which makes situation difficult for underprivileged. Due to these factors educational institutions appear alien to underprivileged learners whereas it becomes an extension of home for privileged learners.
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ii Vocabulary development at class 4 level
To understand vocabulary development, note the following diagram. The two columns represent the amount of words two individuals know. There are more words in the English language than we need to know. Just think of the words professionals, e.g. physicians, lawyers, engineers, anthropologists, etc., use in their areas of specialties; the combination of all those areas of specialties equal lots of words. We can compare the column of words that an average person would have to the column of words of a person who has a weak vocabulary.
It includes many words which are fully known, other words which are ambiguous (not fully or precisely understood) and a large number of words which are unknown. For vocabulary development of students at class 4 level as a teacher one should focus on giving words meaning to their students to learn and write. Also teach stories in class along with the meanings of words in the lesson and ask the students to learn the meanings and have a test to check their performance. To develop students' vocabulary, teachers must encourage a curiosity about the meaning and use of unfamiliar words and promote the strategies that will help the student to find the meaning of unfamiliar words.
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